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                    [0] => In April 1858 the settlers in the Hawke's Bay district petitioned the House of Representatives for separation from Wellington Province. The petition was well received by Parliament and on 1 November 1858 the province was the first to be established under the New Provinces Act of 1858.
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            [id] => ABFO
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            [name] => Hawke's Bay Provincial Government
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1. This agency description was compiled as part of a project to capture the finding aids created prior to 1987 into the GAIMS system. 
2. The agency dates are based on the dates of the holdings. It is not possible to distinguish the successor agencies for this agency because of the extremely large number of diverse functions that the Hawke's Bay Provincial Government was responsible for.
3.  Provenance of the archives of the Hawke’s Bay Provincial Government  
[The following information was included in the original paper finding aids. The date it was written is unknown but prior to 1957.] 



a). History of the archives
In 1900 the attention of the Colonial Secretary was drawn to the presence in an attic of the old Provincial Council chambers in Napier of all the archives of the Hawke’s Bay provincial government. It appeared that they had been there since the abolition of the province in 1876. As the building was of wood and had already been damaged by fire several times it was thought advisable to move them to some safer storage in Wellington. Accordingly, they were sent to the Colonial Secretary’s Department and stored in a cellar of the Parliamentary Buildings.
Shortly afterwards, about 1906 or 1907, an inventory of them was made at the direction of the Colonial Secretary by some unknown official. Some of the archives were then disposed of, some by being sent to the Commissioner of Crown Lands at Napier (because it was thought that they would be useful to him in his current business), some of the printed papers (Gazettes, Votes and Proceedings, etc) by being sent to the Government Printer for distribution, and some by being destroyed as they were considered valueless. The residue was packed into twenty cases with a list of the contents placed in each case.
In 1911 the contents of the cases were examined by the Director of the Dominion Museum and Mr Elsdon Best and it was then found that some had been damaged by water. As a result of this and of an application form the Secretary to the Treasury for more accommodation in the same cellar for old Treasury papers, the Hawke’s Bay archives were moved to a cellar in the Police Headquarters Building. 
In 1919, in common with the rest of the contents of the Police cellar, the cases were unpacked and the papers arranged, parcelled and labelled by an official of the Department of Internal Affairs. The Hawke’s Bay archives were then included in an inventory of the contents of the Police cellar. An examination of these early inventories shows that a few of the archives of the Hawke’s Bay provincial government have disappeared since they were compiled. It is hard to say exactly what is missing as the inventories were not comprehensive or accurate, and it is impossible to say what has happened to the missing papers. One can only surmise that they disappeared in the various subsequent moves of these archives from cellar to cellar. The Dominion Archives Branch possesses an incomplete list of these records made in June 1919 showing their original arrangement, but this arrangement was almost completely upset after the records had been handed over to the Dominion Archives some time between 1926 and 1945. 
b.) Arrangement & description of the archives
The early inventories of the archives included not only the archives of the Hawke’s Bay Provincial Government but also those of the Agent for the General Government at Hawke’s Bay and the earlier archives of the Commissioner of Crown Lands at Napier, both of which must have been included in the material that was found in the attic of the Council Chambers in 1900. No much distinction was made in these old inventories between these three groups, and the papers themselves were mingled together to a certain extent. After 1946 (by which time the bulk of the papers had been transferred to the Archives) they were carefully examined and the three groups separated and arranged. Their present arrangements follows their original arrangement as closely as possible, but in cases where the papers were completely confused or where they had lost all trace of their old order new series and groupings have been made. 
Each item has been numbered consecutively from 1 to 316, but the whole collection falls into two main divisions:  the archives of the Provincial Council and those of the provincial administration, the latter being further divided into the records of separate offices. 
i. The archives of the Provincial Council are arranged in two groups – minutes (HB1-5) and papers (HB 6-23). The minutes were kept by the Clerk of the Council and are complete for each session of the council. These minutes are substantially the same as those printed in the Votes and Proceedings. The papers consist of estimates and returns of expenditure and revenue, messages from the Superintendent, departmental reports and occasional reports on various subjects, petitions, proceedings and reports of committees, etc., all of which were considered by the Council. This section also includes drafts and final versions of Ordinances and Bills. These also are substantially the same as the papers printed in the Votes and Proceedings, but although not complete there is a number of manuscript papers which did not appear therein – these have not yet been distinguished in any way from those that were. 
Included in the archives of the Council are Ordinances forwarded to the Colonial Secretary for the assent of the Governor (HB 25). This item properly belongs to the archives of the Colonial Secretary’s department, but it is now impossible to say exactly where it came from – it may have been placed with the HB Archives when they were handed over to the Colonial Secretary, or it may have been extracted from the Colonial Secretary’s archives when the HB papers were taken over by the Dominion Archives. (Exactly the same has been done with the Ordinances of the Nelson Provincial Council, now included in the Nelson Provincial Archives). There are also a few minutes of the Executive Council (HB 27), and other papers relating to the Council (HB 24 and 26). 



ii. The [provincial administration] department records are divided into the following offices: 
- Superintendent
- Agent for the General Government [AGG] 
- Civil Commissioner 
- Commissioner of Crown Lands [CCL] 
- Receiver of Land Revenue 
- Engineer and Surveyor 
- Treasurer 
- Auditor 
- Inspector of Police 
- Inspector of Schools 
- Miscellaneous 
The records of each office are further divided into two sections - correspondence and office papers. The first section is composed of all letters and telegrams which originally were, or can readily be arranged into a series. Where the letters have been numbered in a sequence to correspond with a register, or where the outward letters have been entered into a letterbook, the method of arrangement is sufficiently obvious, but there is evidence to show that these methods were not invariable followed (especially in the AGG’s office). In many cases letters and telegrams dealing with one particular subject or to or from a certain person or office were arranged in a separate series or were collected into a dossier or subject file. 
Unfortunately many of this class of papers had been rearranged and their original groupings completely destroyed. This was done apparently in order to arrange records into subject files (sometimes in chronological, more often in no evident order) each dealing with some aspect of East Coast history. These bundles were generally of little or no use as they were and so an attempt was made to restore letters and telegrams to their original files. As this was not possible in many cases (because of the complete destruction of any evidence as to their original disposition) the contents of the bundles were arranged in chronological order within certain main groups (AGG’s general inwards letters HB 117-128, etc.) or sorted into some existing group whichever seemed to be the most logical and practical course. 



The second section includes all papers which appear to have been retained in the various offices for reference or which do not form a series or part of a series. In this section also much evidence as to the original purpose of the papers has been destroyed, and the classification of much of this group is somewhat artificial. It comprises not only pieces isolee, but files or papers which might originally have formed part of a series but which were extracted subsequently for some purpose, or which appear to form a dossier relating to some specific subject. As stated above many of these were destroyed, and in most cases the only practical course was to restore the papers to the series from which they were originally extracted, or if this was not possible, to form a new series arranged in chronological order (AGG’s telegrams HB 146-150). Also included in this section are such items as the Treasurer’s ledgers, CCL’s registers of crown grants, and so on. 



The papers of the Agent for the General Government are incomplete for the period during which McLean held this office. It is evident that McLean removed most of the papers which he had accumulated during this tenure regarding them as his private papers and most of these are now to be found in the McLean Papers in the Turnbull Library. [See letter CO69/6053 from Ormond to McLean, 23 September 1869 AD1/7.]  The AGG was not a Provincial Officer, but as both McLean and Ormond held the position of Superintendent concurrently with that of AGG their papers seem to have been kept all together in the Provincial offices. If is difficult (from an examination of these papers) to distinguish between their functions as Superintendent and AGG, and there seems to have been a certain amount of confusion in filing letters, telegrams and so on. 
This confusion has been aggravated by the re-arrangement which the papers underwent after they had been handed over to Dominion Archives. In settling the present arrangement an attempt was made either to restore papers to their proper offices, by an examination of external evidence, or to decide from internal evidence which office the paper in question ought to have belonged to. In most cases this was impracticable and hence there are doubtless many letters in the AGG’s inwards correspondence [HB 117-139] which might more properly belong to the Superintendent. In most cases it is apparent from the address on the letter which officer the letter originally belonged to, but it is pretty evident that private persons often were not clear at the time to whom they ought to address their letters, and what was sent to the AGG might more properly belong to the Superintendent, and vice versa. Even this clue is absent from the telegrams received as they are almost invariable addressed to ‘McLean’ or ‘Ormond’ without naming their function.
                    [custom2] => 
Department of Internal Affairs, 1955, "Archives of the Provinces of Wellington and Hawke's Bay" (National Archives Preliminary Inventory No.6). Government Printer, Wellington, New Zealand. 
Scholefield, G.H., 1950, New Zealand Parliamentary Record 1840-1949. Wellington, New Zealand: Government Printer.
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            [history] => 
Under the New Zealand Constitution Act which was passed by the British Parliament on 30 June 1852, New Zealand was divided into six provinces: Auckland, New Plymouth (renamed Taranaki in 1858), Wellington, Nelson, Canterbury, and Otago. In April 1858 the settlers in the Hawke's Bay district petitioned the House of Representatives for separation from Wellington Province. They declared that too small a proportion of the provincial revenue had been allocated for expenditure on harbour development, public works, roads, and bridges in the area. They stated that it was unjust that the small sums that had been spent in Hawke's Bay were derived from £125,000 loan raised by the Wellington Provincial Government on the security of expected revenue from land sales in the district, especially when the settlers of the district had already contributed so much to the provincial treasury. The petition was well received by Parliament and on 1 November 1858 the province was the first to be established under the New Provinces Act of 1858. 



Commencing at the Waimate stream near Cape Turnagain the boundaries of the new province ran in a westerly direction along the Puketoi ranges to the Manawatu Gorge, the summit of the Ruahine ranges forming the western boundary, and the thirty-ninth parallel the northern. In the east the boundary followed the coastline. In 1858 there were 1500 inhabitants in the province. 



Hawke's Bay was not settled by any organised association and those who had arrived in the District before land had been purchased by the Government leased it from the Maori in defiance of regulations. The first Government land purchases were made in 1851 when the Waipukurau, Ahuriri, and Mohaka blocks were bought. These sales were negotiated by Donald McLean, and in four weeks £7120 was paid for an area of 622,000 acres. After 1853 the number of settlers in Hawke's Bay rapidly increased. In 1855 the town of Napier was laid out and sold, Clive in 1857, Waipawa and Havelock North in 1860, and Waipukurau in 1867. Wairoa began to be settled in the early 1860s, while 

Norsewood and Dannevirke were settled by Scandinavian immigrants after 1872, and Woodville was founded in 1874. The Native Lands Act of 1862 gave further impetus to settlement and by 1865 a further half-million acres had been acquired. The Heretaunga block, upon which the town of Hastings stands, was bought in 1870 under the terms of this Act by a private syndicate. 



Throughout the early period of conflict with the Maori, Hawke's Bay remained comparatively undisturbed. Later the Hau Hau rebellion and the operations of Te Kooti caused clashes to occur between Maori and Europeans. A hard-fought battle with the Hau Hau at Waerenga-a-hika, Poverty Bay, occurred in 1865. Following this the hostile Maori at Wairoa were driven off in the direction of Waikaremoana, and forces under the command of Colonel Whitmore fought a well-known engagement at Omaranui in 1866. Considerable anxiety was felt in the north of the province for some years afterwards, especially after Te Kooti escaped from detention in 1868. Massacres at Poverty Bay and Mohaka ensured that strenuous efforts were made to capture Te Kooti, but they were without success. He was eventually pardoned. 



Provinces established under the New Provinces Act differed constitutionally in certain ways from the original provinces. Unlike the original provinces, the Superintendent was elected by members of the Provincial Council from among themselves, and the Superintendents were unable to assent on behalf of the Governor to Bills passed by the Council. The first Hawke's Bay Provincial Council met on 23 April 1859 and immediately elected T.H. Fitzgerald as Superintendent. He was succeeded by J.C.L.Carter (1861-1862), D.McLean (1863-1869), and J.D.Ormond (1869-1876). 



The legislative competence of the Provincial Council was similar in all respects to that of those of the original provinces. Similarly, the provincial government was responsible for the administration of public works, public health, and so on. This involved the planning and construction of public works (such as roads, railways, and buildings), procuring immigrants and settling them on land, maintaining and organising a police force, maintaining and staffing schools, prisons, and hospitals, administering public lands, maintaining public health, establishing and assisting to finance local public bodies (such as boroughs, road and highway boards, education boards), ensuring freedom from disease in sheep and other livestock, suppressing noxious weeds, maintaining ferries and harbours, and supervising the purchase and survey of Maori land. Powers were limited in that the Governor could veto provincial legislation, disallow elections and dissolve Provincial Councils. An Executive Council was established soon after the first Superintendent was elected but it rarely met, and after Ormond's election as Superintendent in 1869 it was never called together or consulted as he considered it unnecessary. 



In 1865 McLean was appointed Agent for the General Government in Hawke's Bay in addition to being Superintendent. This was a position that gave him wide powers to act in any emergency connected with the Maori disturbances in the province. These powers combined with his personality, reputation, and ability, led to his attaining great and exceptional personal authority. Ormond was also appointed Agent for the General Government after McLean's retirement from this position, but he did not possess McLean's wide authority. 



The 1870 Immigration and Public Works Act introduced by Sir Julius Vogel relieved the provincial government of many of its responsibilities and financial difficulties. His plans were on national lines and this, combined with the greatly improved communications throughout the country, induced him in 1875 to move a resolution in the House of Representatives for the abolition of provincial governments in the North Island. This was made applicable to the whole country by Act of Parliament, the Abolition of Provinces Act 1875, and the provincial governments were abolished on 31 October 1876.
LIST OF PRINCIPAL PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OFFICERS 
(Compiled from HB Provincial Gazettes and Chapman’s NZ Almanac 1861 and 1862) 



SUPERINTENDENT 



T H Fitzgerald  23 April 1859 

J C L Carter   8 April 1861 

D McLean      26 February 1863 

J D Ormond  24 September 1869 



DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT 



J C L Carter  16 June 1859 

J D Ormond  9 September 1863 

J Rhodes      1864 (intermittent) 

J C L Carter  1865 (intermittent) 

J Rhodes      1865 (intermittent) 

J D Ormond  1865 (intermittent) 

J Rhodes      1866 (intermittent) 

J Rhodes      1867 (intermittent) 

J D Ormond  1868 (intermittent) 

J Rhodes      1868 (intermittent) 

J Rhodes      1869 (intermittent) 

J Rhodes      1871 (intermittent) 



CLERK TO SUPERINTENDENT 



G T Finnin     1 May 1859 



TREASURER 



E Catchpool   1 January 1859 

C Lambert      10 August 1860 

W Colenso     9 April 1861 (Acting since 1 December 1860) 

V Janisch       14 April 1863 

J C L Carter   1 October 1863 

J T Tylee        1 March 1871 (Acting since c. January 1871) 



AUDITOR 



W Colenso    1 June 1859 

V Janisch       c. Dec 1860 

G E C Richardson   28 February 1862 



COMMISSIONER OF CROWN LANDS 



A Dommett       ?1854    (General Government Appointment) 

H S Tiffen          ?1856    (General Government Appointment)

J C L Carter      1 October 1863 

J T Tylee            c. January 1871 (Deputy - Not Gazetted) 

H B Sealy          c. June 1871 (Not Gazetted) 



SURVEYOR 



H S Tiffen         (General Government Appointment) 

C H Weber       1 November 1863 

D Ross             1 July 1869 

Jas Rochfort    c. December 1869 

C H Weber       1 August 1871 



ENGINEER 



T Gill                 1 January 1859 

C H Weber      1 March 1862 

D Ross            1 July 1869 

Jas Rochfort   c. December 1869 

C H Weber      1 August 1871 



SOLICITOR 



W Boorman    1 May 1859 

J N Wilson      1 March 1861 



INSPECTOR OF POLICE 



C W La Serre   c. June 1861 

T Scully             26 December 1865 



INSPECTOR OF SCHOOLS 



H B Sealy          1 March 1861 

J H Campbell   1 July 1864 

H Godwin          15 June 1866 

E L Green          1 January 1867 

V Colenso         1 July 1872 



IMMIGRATION CLERK 



G T Fannin        1 January 1861 



NATIVE INTERPRETER 



E Hamlin           1 March 1861 

M Hamlin           1 July 1861 

W Colenso        ?August 1861-1862 



GAOLER 



J L Hodges        1 March 1861 

T Barnaby           1 October 1862 

W Miller               15 June 1868 
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