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                    [0] => The Warden at Arrowtown had jurisdiction over gold mining in the Arrow District of the Wakatipu Goldfield.
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	Archives created by the Arrowtown Warden's Court were transferred by the Queenstown District Court, Alexandra District Court and Arrowtown Police Station.

	For the Hocken Collections transfers, some of these transfers were from the Courts themselves to the Hocken Collections, because the Hocken was an approved repository for Archives New Zealand.

	In 1993, the Warden's Court archives at Hocken were transferred to Archives New Zealand Dunedin Regional Office as Accession D98. The remaining Warden's and Magistrate's Courts archives held by Alexandra District Court were transferred directly to Archives New Zealand Dunedin Regional Office.

	From 2009 further arrangement and description work split Accession D98 into the respective creating Warden's Courts. Series were created to group like records performing the same function and/or activity and the chain of custody of successor agencies was documented.
                    [custom2] => 

	

		Otago Provincial Government Gazette, 1853-1876
	

		Otago Provincial Council, Ordinances, 1854-1875
	

		Otago Provincial Council, Votes and Proceedings, 1854-1876
	

		New Zealand Statutes, 1853-1876
	

		Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives of New Zealand (AJHRs)


	

	Archives New Zealand Holdings:

	Le 1/1863/102 Proclamations, Rules and Regulations issued under the Gold Fields Act 1862

	Le 1/1866/113 Return of Rules and Regulations issued under the Gold Fields Act 1862 and the Gold Fields Acts Amendment Act 1865

	Le 1/1868/111 "Return of Gold Mining Rules and Regulations 1868

	

	Secondary Sources:

	J H M Salmon, A History of Goldmining in New Zealand (Wellington, 1963)

	W R Mayhew, Tuapeka: the Land and its People (Dunedin, 1949)

	T J Hearn, The Goldfields of Otago: Old Records, New Views - The Archives of the Wardens' Courts, the Tartan and the Gold: Papers presented at the New Zealand Society of Genealogists Conference, Dunedin, 1989 (Dunedin, 1989), pp 25-57
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                            [name] => Arrowtown Discharged Mortgages
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                            [name] => Arrowtown Water Race Licenses Butts
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            [history] => 

	The Wakatipu Goldfield was proclaimed in January 1863, but the rush for Wakatipu gold had begun earlier in 1862. Jack Tewa, Maori Jack, one of the hands on William Rees' station, was the first man to notice gold on the Arrow River, but it was William Fox and John O'Callaghan who explored the river further and secured rich yields even after other searchers had discovered their secret. The rush to the Arrow began a few days after James Hector (Provincial Geologist) visited the field, in November 1862.

	

	There was disorder almost from the start. The newcomers tried to displace the pioneers from their unofficial, oversized claims, and attempts were made later to seize even legitimate claims, both by force and by fraud. The police found it impossible to maintain order: even in Arrowtown itself, drunken riots and bloodshed in the streets were frequent. The Warden was appointed in 1863, but his authority was sometimes defied and it was impossible to enforce many of his decisions. [Salmon, pp 91-92]

	

	The Warden's Office was responsible not only for the local management of gold mining and the resolution of disputes, but also the allocation of residence and business sites, and water rights, administration of agricultural and pastoral leases, and the hearing of civil and criminal suits within the district. The Warden acted also as Resident Magistrate.

	The 1863 report of the Goldfields Department included reference to the following staff in the Arrow District: Warden (temporary), Receiver, Clerk, and Bailiff. The officers of the Goldfields Department - including those of the Arrow District - filled a variety of roles:

	"...of the thirty-five officers enumerated, ten perform duty in additional districts. All the Wardens act as Resident Magistrates, and three act as Mining Registrars also, and for the issue of Miners' Rights and Business Licences. All the Receivers are Mining Registrars, and one acts also as Clerk. The Clerks and Bailiffs of the Warden's Courts act also as Clerks and Bailiffs of the Resident Magistrates' Courts. One Clerk acts as Mining Registrar, and for the issue of Miners' Rights and Business Licenses. The Mining Surveyors also perform extra duties for the various departments of the public service." [Goldfields Department, 1863 Report, OV&P, 1863 (Appendix), p. 16].

	Changes in the distribution of the mining population meant constant revision of staff numbers in the different districts. Large numbers of miners deserted the Wakatipu field in particular when gold was discovered on the West Coast.

	In February 1868 the Gold Fields Commission reported on the staff of the Arrow District:

	"The Arrow, embracing Cardrona, has at present a staff consisting of one Warden, holding also the offices of Coroner, Returning and Registration Officer for Hampden and the Lake District, Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages, and a Receiver acting also as Clerk to the Resident Magistrate's and Warden's Courts." [Report of the Commission...into the Management of the Gold Fields of Otago, OV&P, 1868, Council Papers, Session 24, p. 2].

	The Warden visited Cardrona to despatch business, but regular courts were held at Arrowtown.  In 1930 the Arrowtown Warden's Court was closed and Queenstown took over responsibility for that area. 
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