π’ Te Wairoa School
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Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1873 Section G4, Native Schools Inspectors's Annual Report, p.5
Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1874 Vol. 2 Section G8 page 6 - Report of Mr HW Brabant, R.M. Opotiki to the Under Secretary, Native Department - February 1874
Department of Education Auckland: Archives reference: R20392250 BAAA 1001/561b E44/4 Native Schools - Buildings and Site - Tarawera Native School 1880-1917
Ross Calman. 'Maori education – matauranga - The native schools system, 1867 to 1969', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 13-Jul-12
URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/maori-education-matauranga/page-3
Barrington, J.M. & Beaglehole, T.H. (1974). Maori Schools in a Changing Society. New Zealand Council for Educational Research: Wellington.
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The 1873 Native Schools Inspectors Annual Report (AJHR 1873, Section G4, page 5) states "I was not aware until I heard it from Mr Henry Clarke, Civil Commissioner, that he had shortly before established a school at Lake Tarawera... under the charge of Mr Cowan, whom I understand to be also a medical man. Mr Clarke found, upon a recent visit, sixty-eight pupils in the school, between the ages of eight and fifteen years... The Natives have given two and a half acres and contributed fifty pounds towards a schoolhouse, to which the Government has added one hundred pounds, which Mr Clarke thinks will be sufficient for the purpose. For the present, school is held in the church, the use of which has been kindly allowed by the Rev. Mr Spencer, and the Natives have given the use of a house of five rooms for the master. I have directed the usual supply of books, etc, for fifty pupils, to be furnished to Mr Cowan, and have authorised the usual supply of school furniture." A letter dated 15 July 1911 identifies the land provided for the school as Te Wairoa 6J, part of Rotomahana - Parekarangi B.
In February 1874, the Inspector of Native Schools for the Bay of Plenty, Herbert Brabant, reported on an intended visit to Te Wairoa School (Tarawera Lake). The head teacher was still Mr Cowan, who reported to Brabant that he was going away on sick leave, so the school was closed. Mr Cowan reported that the new school building had been almost completed, and that there had been an average attendance of 20 children in the December term of 1873, and 30 on the roll for 1874.
By 1879 the Head Teacher was Charles A Haszard, and his eldest daughter Clara was assisting. The Inspector's Report for 1880 states "Mr Haszard is one of the best of our teachers." By 1881 there were 50 students.
The school reserve was described as "the Te Wairoa School Reserve... being part of the Te Mu Block in the Tarawera Survey District... containing 2 acres, 2 roods and 4 perches, more or less", bordered on the north by a road line. This is shown in a Survey Office plan dated 1880. However, in the Inspector's Report for November 1882, James Pope notes that he believes the school site is part of the Rotomahana Block, and "this block was put through the Land Court in the name of eighteen influential Maoris, and is held by them for the good of the tribe." Mr Pope notes that he thinks there would be "little difficulty in obtaining a title to the school site." A memo dated 19 January 1883 states that the site was given by Wi Kepa in 1862 or 1863 and surveyed at the time. It notes also that since Mr Haszard had been at the school, the local Maori had allowed him to fence off and garden an additional 3 acres of land. A plan provided by Mr Haszard in 1881 relating to the fencing of the school reserve shows the dwelling house and school attached to one another, with a cleared back yard, garden and orchard.
Steps were taken by the Department to gain title to the land in 1883, but there were objections from some of the owners, members of the Tuhourangi tribe, which was suggested to be in part due to their rivalry with the other owners.
The School Committee for 1883 for Te Wairoa School was Renata Ngahaua, Wihapi Kerei, Paora Komene, Hemi Heremaia, Kawana Te Rupe, Inia Hohaia and Maika Kepa Te Rangipuawhe or Maika Keepa (Chairman).
The School Committee for 1884 was Michael Kemp (Chairman), Hoari Taiawhio, Hemi Taupiri, Mita Mekai and Katene Waiaua.
The School Committee for 1885 was Mika Aporo Tiamana, Hemi Heremaia, Hemi Taupiri, Katene Waiaua, Parakaia Ngapapa and Maika Kepa Te Rangipuawhe.
The School Committee for 1886 was Maika Kepa, Te Rupe, Mika Aporo, Eparaima and Matiu.
By the end of 1883 there was a falling-off in attendance, which was attributed to a shortage of food in the district due to the large number of tangi for which food had to be provided. This was despite a large income from tourists. By 1884, however, Mr Haszard was reporting severe overcrowding at the school, with, for example, 67 students attending on 17th March. He requested the building of a new classroom.
The 1884 Inspection Report notes that the inspector was very pleased with the work of the school, and that this was important as people from all over the world visited it since it was located in a popular area for tourism, and saw it as a specimen of Native Schools. Successful graduates of the school sometimes won scholarships to boarding schools in Napier and elsewhere to continue their education: for example, two girls and two boys transferred to Napier boarding schools in February 1885.
The Inspector's Report for 1885 noted that many of the Ngati Rangitihi had settled at Rotomahana or Ariki, and as it was anticipated that most of the population were likely to move there, it might be best to move the school to Rotomahana as well, but in the meanwhile they would await events, and postpone any further repairs to the Te Wairoa buildings. By early 1886 Charles Haszard was reporting that a permanent move to Rotomahana was unlikely, so further repairs were done on the school buildings. A sketch plan of the building from a memo dated March 2nd, 1886 shows one long building with 6 windows along one side and two chimneys, and with a door shown at one end. This building contained both schoolhouse and dwelling, under one roof.
In May 1886 Charles Haszard wrote of a serious falling-off in attendance at the school and "a constant wail for the dead" as scarcely any family escaped from the unspecified illness throughout the area. On the cover page for this memo is a pencilled note "Eruption of Mt Tarawera June 86".
The next item on the file is a letter dated 12 June 1886 from Charles Haszard's eldest daughter, Clara, who had been teaching at the school. She writes from Brent's Rotorua Temperance Hotel, thanking the Department for their consideration, reporting that the house and school had been completely crushed and also burnt after being struck by the lightning associated with the eruption. She stated that her father and others of her family had been killed 3 siblings and her cousin), her mother was very unwell and her fifteen year old sister unable to support herself. They had lost all of their possessions apart from the clothes they were wearing. Subsequently Clara Haszard asked for a position as a teacher of another Native School, and she took up a position at Te Waotu. The government provided an allowance of two years of her husband's salary to Mrs Haszard, paid for mourning and new furniture, and for the graves of the family members killed in the eruption.
The translation of a letter dated 15 July on the Building and Site file sent by Mika Aporo states that in 1887 he had appeared before the Maori Land Court, asked that the land be returned to him and that he had given 2 acres of the Schoolmaster's paddock for a cemetery. A plan on the same file dated 15 September 1917 shows the location of the school reserve. Further correspondence on the file shows that the Crown has no title to the land, and that it remained Native land, and should be revested in its Maori owners as part of Rotomahana Parekarangi 6J.
Maori Schools
The Native School system was established under the Native School Act 1867 to provide for the education of Maori. The Act established a national system of village primary schools, under the control of the Native Department. Prior to this Maori were mainly educated in church missionary schools. To establish schools it was necessary for 10 Maori living in an area to request that a school be established and they were required to provide land and half the cost of the buildings. The requirement to provide for the costs of the building and teacher's salary was removed in 1871 but not the requirement to provide land.
In 1879 the 57 native schools were transferred to the Department of Education, which had been established in 1877, and regular visits by an Education Department Inspector began. In 1880 conditions such as curriculum hours of instruction and governance in the Native Schools were standardised by the Native School Code, and in 1894 schooling became compulsory for Maori children
The separate Maori School System administered by the Department of Education was abolished in 1969, and all remaining Maori schools were transferred to the control of the local Education Board.
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Show History
The 1873 Native Schools Inspectors Annual Report (AJHR 1873, Section G4, page 5) states "I was not aware until I heard it from Mr Henry Clarke, Civil Commissioner, that he had shortly before established a school at Lake Tarawera... under the charge of Mr Cowan, whom I understand to be also a medical man. Mr Clarke found, upon a recent visit, sixty-eight pupils in the school, between the ages of eight and fifteen years... The Natives have given two and a half acres and contributed fifty pounds towards a schoolhouse, to which the Government has added one hundred pounds, which Mr Clarke thinks will be sufficient for the purpose. For the present, school is held in the church, the use of which has been kindly allowed by the Rev. Mr Spencer, and the Natives have given the use of a house of five rooms for the master. I have directed the usual supply of books, etc, for fifty pupils, to be furnished to Mr Cowan, and have authorised the usual supply of school furniture." A letter dated 15 July 1911 identifies the land provided for the school as Te Wairoa 6J, part of Rotomahana - Parekarangi B.
In February 1874, the Inspector of Native Schools for the Bay of Plenty, Herbert Brabant, reported on an intended visit to Te Wairoa School (Tarawera Lake). The head teacher was still Mr Cowan, who reported to Brabant that he was going away on sick leave, so the school was closed. Mr Cowan reported that the new school building had been almost completed, and that there had been an average attendance of 20 children in the December term of 1873, and 30 on the roll for 1874.
By 1879 the Head Teacher was Charles A Haszard, and his eldest daughter Clara was assisting. The Inspector's Report for 1880 states "Mr Haszard is one of the best of our teachers." By 1881 there were 50 students.
The school reserve was described as "the Te Wairoa School Reserve... being part of the Te Mu Block in the Tarawera Survey District... containing 2 acres, 2 roods and 4 perches, more or less", bordered on the north by a road line. This is shown in a Survey Office plan dated 1880. However, in the Inspector's Report for November 1882, James Pope notes that he believes the school site is part of the Rotomahana Block, and "this block was put through the Land Court in the name of eighteen influential Maoris, and is held by them for the good of the tribe." Mr Pope notes that he thinks there would be "little difficulty in obtaining a title to the school site." A memo dated 19 January 1883 states that the site was given by Wi Kepa in 1862 or 1863 and surveyed at the time. It notes also that since Mr Haszard had been at the school, the local Maori had allowed him to fence off and garden an additional 3 acres of land. A plan provided by Mr Haszard in 1881 relating to the fencing of the school reserve shows the dwelling house and school attached to one another, with a cleared back yard, garden and orchard.
Steps were taken by the Department to gain title to the land in 1883, but there were objections from some of the owners, members of the Tuhourangi tribe, which was suggested to be in part due to their rivalry with the other owners.
The School Committee for 1883 for Te Wairoa School was Renata Ngahaua, Wihapi Kerei, Paora Komene, Hemi Heremaia, Kawana Te Rupe, Inia Hohaia and Maika Kepa Te Rangipuawhe or Maika Keepa (Chairman).
The School Committee for 1884 was Michael Kemp (Chairman), Hoari Taiawhio, Hemi Taupiri, Mita Mekai and Katene Waiaua.
The School Committee for 1885 was Mika Aporo Tiamana, Hemi Heremaia, Hemi Taupiri, Katene Waiaua, Parakaia Ngapapa and Maika Kepa Te Rangipuawhe.
The School Committee for 1886 was Maika Kepa, Te Rupe, Mika Aporo, Eparaima and Matiu.
By the end of 1883 there was a falling-off in attendance, which was attributed to a shortage of food in the district due to the large number of tangi for which food had to be provided. This was despite a large income from tourists. By 1884, however, Mr Haszard was reporting severe overcrowding at the school, with, for example, 67 students attending on 17th March. He requested the building of a new classroom.
The 1884 Inspection Report notes that the inspector was very pleased with the work of the school, and that this was important as people from all over the world visited it since it was located in a popular area for tourism, and saw it as a specimen of Native Schools. Successful graduates of the school sometimes won scholarships to boarding schools in Napier and elsewhere to continue their education: for example, two girls and two boys transferred to Napier boarding schools in February 1885.
The Inspector's Report for 1885 noted that many of the Ngati Rangitihi had settled at Rotomahana or Ariki, and as it was anticipated that most of the population were likely to move there, it might be best to move the school to Rotomahana as well, but in the meanwhile they would await events, and postpone any further repairs to the Te Wairoa buildings. By early 1886 Charles Haszard was reporting that a permanent move to Rotomahana was unlikely, so further repairs were done on the school buildings. A sketch plan of the building from a memo dated March 2nd, 1886 shows one long building with 6 windows along one side and two chimneys, and with a door shown at one end. This building contained both schoolhouse and dwelling, under one roof.
In May 1886 Charles Haszard wrote of a serious falling-off in attendance at the school and "a constant wail for the dead" as scarcely any family escaped from the unspecified illness throughout the area. On the cover page for this memo is a pencilled note "Eruption of Mt Tarawera June 86".
The next item on the file is a letter dated 12 June 1886 from Charles Haszard's eldest daughter, Clara, who had been teaching at the school. She writes from Brent's Rotorua Temperance Hotel, thanking the Department for their consideration, reporting that the house and school had been completely crushed and also burnt after being struck by the lightning associated with the eruption. She stated that her father and others of her family had been killed 3 siblings and her cousin), her mother was very unwell and her fifteen year old sister unable to support herself. They had lost all of their possessions apart from the clothes they were wearing. Subsequently Clara Haszard asked for a position as a teacher of another Native School, and she took up a position at Te Waotu. The government provided an allowance of two years of her husband's salary to Mrs Haszard, paid for mourning and new furniture, and for the graves of the family members killed in the eruption.
The translation of a letter dated 15 July on the Building and Site file sent by Mika Aporo states that in 1887 he had appeared before the Maori Land Court, asked that the land be returned to him and that he had given 2 acres of the Schoolmaster's paddock for a cemetery. A plan on the same file dated 15 September 1917 shows the location of the school reserve. Further correspondence on the file shows that the Crown has no title to the land, and that it remained Native land, and should be revested in its Maori owners as part of Rotomahana Parekarangi 6J.
Maori Schools
The Native School system was established under the Native School Act 1867 to provide for the education of Maori. The Act established a national system of village primary schools, under the control of the Native Department. Prior to this Maori were mainly educated in church missionary schools. To establish schools it was necessary for 10 Maori living in an area to request that a school be established and they were required to provide land and half the cost of the buildings. The requirement to provide for the costs of the building and teacher's salary was removed in 1871 but not the requirement to provide land.
In 1879 the 57 native schools were transferred to the Department of Education, which had been established in 1877, and regular visits by an Education Department Inspector began. In 1880 conditions such as curriculum hours of instruction and governance in the Native Schools were standardised by the Native School Code, and in 1894 schooling became compulsory for Maori children
The separate Maori School System administered by the Department of Education was abolished in 1969, and all remaining Maori schools were transferred to the control of the local Education Board.
Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1873 Section G4, Native Schools Inspectors's Annual Report, p.5
Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1874 Vol. 2 Section G8 page 6 - Report of Mr HW Brabant, R.M. Opotiki to the Under Secretary, Native Department - February 1874
Department of Education Auckland: Archives reference: R20392250 BAAA 1001/561b E44/4 Native Schools - Buildings and Site - Tarawera Native School 1880-1917
Ross Calman. 'Maori education – matauranga - The native schools system, 1867 to 1969', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 13-Jul-12
URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/maori-education-matauranga/page-3
Barrington, J.M. & Beaglehole, T.H. (1974). Maori Schools in a Changing Society. New Zealand Council for Educational Research: Wellington.
- πΌ Primary schools (1878 ‑ )
- πΌ Maori Schools (1847 ‑ 1969)
- π Native Affairs (1858 ‑ 1881)
- π Education (1878 ‑ )
- π’ Native Affairs Department (1873 ‑ 1879)
- π’ Department of Education, Head Office (1879 ‑ 1886)
- π Self-Governing Colony of New Zealand (1873 ‑ 1886)
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