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            [name] => Police Department, Molyneux District, Molyneux/Molyneux Ferry and Balclutha
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Main station: Molyneux/Molyneux Ferry (1864-1867), Balclutha (1867-1870), Otago.

The Molyneux Police Department comprised

...all that area bounded towards the north by the Umbrella Ranges and the.....Police Districts of Tuapeka and Tokomairiro, towards the east and south by the [Pacific Ocean], and towards the west by the Mataura River.  [Proclamation of Police Districts under Licensed Hawkers' Ordinance 1862 (16 November 1863), OPGG, 1863, Vol. VI, p. 491].

For the period to 1876 (when provincial government was abolished - the subsequent period is not being documented at this stage), this District had the following stations:

Molyneux/Molyneux Ferry   1864-1870
Balclutha   1867-1870
Mataura    1864-1865
Port Molyneux   1864-1870
Waipahi   1866



Responsible Minister

Provincial Secretary   1864-1868
Provincial Secretary and Treasurer    1868-1870



Notes

The documentation has been prepared almost exclusively from the annual returns for the Police Department, in the AOV&P, 1863-1876. Returns for some years are not printed, however, which may mean there are some minor errors in the documentation, e.g. exact dates of stations, or the possible omission of stations that existed only in a year for which the return was not printed. Years for which no returns are given are 1867, 1872, and 1873.
                    [custom2] => Official publications

Otago Provincial Government Gazette, 1853-1876

Otago Provincial Council. Ordinances, 1854-1876

Otago Provincial Council. Votes and Proceedings, 1854-1876 (Appendices, Departmental Reports)

New Zealand Statutes, 1854-1876



Secondary Sources

R.S.Hill, Policing the Colonial Frontier, Part II (Wellington, 1986)
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            [agentMandateOther] => Array
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                    [0] => Town and Country Police Ordinance Extension and Amendment Ordinance 1863 (No. 129)
                    [1] => Immigration - Police were the only persons authorised to receive passage money, outside the Government Buildings, Dunedin (Notice by Immigration Agent, 12 April 1870, OPGG, 1870, p. 174)
                    [2] => Quarantine - constables authorised to detain persons evading quarantine (Quarantine Regulations, 12 January 1864, OPGG, 1864 pp 71-72)
                    [3] => Chinese - Proclamation: (29 January 1868, OPGG, 1868, p. 39)
                    [4] => Licensed Auctioneers Ordinance 1862 Amendment Ordinance 1869 (No. 283)
                    [5] => Town Cattle Trespass Ordinance 1856 (No. 16)
                    [6] => Diseased cattle - regulations for the destruction of diseased cattle, and for preventing the spread of pleuro-pneumonia (18 January 1864, OPGG, 1864, pp 25-26)
                    [7] => Cattle Trespass Ordinance 1858 (No. 27)
                    [8] => Licensing Ordinance 1864 (No. 162)
                    [9] => Otago Roads Ordinance 1865 (No. 190)
                    [10] => Sheep Ordinance 1867 Amendment Ordinance 1868 (No. 266)
                    [11] => Turnpikes Ordinance 1866 (No. 232)
                    [12] => Electric Telegraphs' Ordinance 1862 (No. 111)
                    [13] => Lake Steam Navigation Ordinance 1863 (No. 130)
                    [14] => Cattle Ordinance 1864 Amendment Ordinance 1869 (No. 284)
                    [15] => Proclamation, extending Town and Country Police Ordinance 1862 to Dunedin, Port Chalmers, Oamaru, Hampden, Havelock, Molyneux, Outram, Clyde, Cromwell, Frankton, Queenstown, Kingston (16 December 1863, OPGG, 1863, pp 550-551)
                    [16] => Town and Country Police Ordinance 1862 (No. 103)
                    [17] => Pawnbrokers' Ordinance 1862 (No. 113)
                    [18] => Licensed Hawkers Ordinance 1864 (No. 170)
                    [19] => Thistle Prevention Ordinance 1862 (No. 93)
                    [20] => Justices of the Peace Act 1866
                    [21] => Vagrant Ordinance 1861 (No. 62)
                    [22] => Goat Nuisance Ordinance 1868 (No. 273)
                    [23] => Kerosine and Parafine (sic) Oils Ordinance 1863 (No. 131)
                    [24] => Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Ordinance (No. 65)
                    [25] => Gold Fields Provincial Management Ordinance 1867 (No. 245)
                    [26] => Sheep Ordinance 1856 (No. 12)
                    [27] => Cattle Ordinance 1864 (No. 169)
                    [28] => Assaults on Constables Act 1873
                    [29] => Municipal Corporations Act 1867
                    [30] => Bakers and Millers Act 1871
                    [31] => Bush Fires Ordinance 1864 (No. 166)
                    [32] => Impounding Ordinance 1872 (No. 365)
                    [33] => Protection of Animals Act 1867
                    [34] => Impounding Ordinance 1862 (No. 112)
                    [35] => Pig and Poultry Nuisance Ordinance 1864 (No. 165)
                    [36] => Trigonometrical Station Ordinance 1861 (No. 48)
                    [37] => Militia Act 1865
                    [38] => Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Ordinance Amendment Ordinance 1862 (No. 78)
                    [39] => Licensing Ordinance 1865 (No. 207)
                    [40] => Appointments - numerous (named) members of Police as Registrars of Cattle and Sheep, Registrars of Brands, Gaolers (e.g. OPGG, 1863, p. 464; OPGG, 1868, p. 112; OPGG, 1873, p. 329)
                    [41] => Bread Ordinance 1863 (No. 117)
                    [42] => Licensed Hawkers' Ordinance 1864 (No. 170)
                    [43] => Licensing Act 1873 Amendment Act 1874
                    [44] => Otago Provincial Government. Manual of Police Regulations for the Guidance of the Constabulary Force of Otago, New Zealand (Dunedin, 1865)
                    [45] => Police Districts - Proclamation defining same (16 November 1863, OPGG, 1863, p. 491)
                    [46] => Common Lodging-Houses' Ordinance 1862 (No. 105)
                    [47] => Weights and measures - authorised copies of standard weights and measures to be kept at Central Police Station, Dunedin, and at main station of other Police Districts (OPGG, 1869, p. 76)
                    [48] => Registration of dogs  penalty (between 20s. and £5) for each dog unregistered, from 1 July 1855; constabulary force officers instructed to require exhibition of registration tickets (OPGG, Vol. 1, 1854, p. 81)
                    [49] => Police Regulation Ordinance 1862 Amendment Ordinance 1864 (No. 141)
                    [50] => Contagious Diseases Act 1868
                    [51] => Licensed Theatres Ordinance 1870 (No. 310)
                    [52] => Police Regulation Ordinance 1862 (No. 100)
                    [53] => Cattle Trespass Ordinance 1858 Amendment Ordinance 1868 (No. 272)
                    [54] => Fencing Ordinance 1867 (No. 246)
                    [55] => Licensing Ordinance 1861 (No. 56)
                    [56] => Dog Nuisance Ordinance 1862 (No. 85)
                    [57] => Licensing Ordinances Amendment Ordinance 1870 (No. 302)
                    [58] => Town and Country Police Ordinance Extension Ordinance 1865 (No. 214)
                    [59] => Fire Inspectors Act 1870
                    [60] => Medical Practitioners' Ordinance 1864 (No. 183)
                    [61] => Dog registration - police stations within Molyneux District appointed as places for dog registration - Port Molyneux, Mataura (OPGG, 1863, p. 570)
                    [62] => Armed Constabulary Act 1867
                    [63] => Rules, Orders, and Regulations….for the Government of Members of the Police Force of Otago ([April 1866], Supplement, OPGG, 1866, pp 89-108)
                    [64] => Constabulary Force Ordinance Amendment Act 1868
                    [65] => Sheep Ordinances Amendment Ordinance 1870 (No. 303)
                    [66] => Licensed Theatres' Ordinance 1862 (No. 108)
                    [67] => Provincial Constabulary Act 1865
                    [68] => Employment - Police stations keep register of employment vacancies (as notified by employers) and are to give information to any men seeking employment ([17 October 1871], OPGG, 1871, p. 408)
                    [69] => Licensed Carriages' Ordinance 1862 (No. 102)
                    [70] => Licensed Hawkers' Ordinance 1862 (No. 109)
                    [71] => Victoria Government Manual of Police Regulations for the Guidance of the Constabulary of Victoria (Melbourne, 1856)
                    [72] => American Blight Prevention Ordinance 1861 (No. 50)
                    [73] => Licensed Auctioneers' Ordinance 1862 (No. 99)
                    [74] => Otago Roads Ordinance Amendment Ordinance 1872 (No. 364)
Otago Roads Ordinance Amendment Ordinance 1872 (No. 264)
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            [history] => In 1863 St John Branigan (Commissioner of Police in Otago) split Otago into several districts, the Officer-in-Charge of each district being responsible direct to the Police Commissioner. Each district had several police stations, though changes in population and resources meant the districts were adjusted from time to time. The stations which became the Molyneux District were first put in the Tokomairiro District, and when the Molyneux District was dissolved c.1870 the Balclutha Station was again in the Tokomairiro District. 

Branigan pointed out the multiplicity of duties performed by the Otago Police: 

...such as inspection of slaughter yards, registration of dogs, crown land rangers, inspection of licences, the collection and supervision of tolls, the performance of branch mails, and shortly, as I hope, the inspection of weights and measures, for none of which do they receive extra pay. [20 December 1868, cit. Annual Report, 1869, AOV&P, 1869, Session 25, p. 46]. 

Staff numbers in the Molyneux District numbered only one or two per station [Annual reports, AOV&P]. 



Relevant Legislation 

Ordinances administered (Otago Provincial Government): 
In addition to the Ordinances listed below, many Ordinances provided for summary proceedings and penalties against offenders. The police would have been involved in those proceedings. 

Licensing Ordinance 1861 (No. 56) 
- Commissioner of Police to approve lamp over door of licensed premises; police powers re offences etc 
Dog Nuisance Ordinance 1862 (No. 85) 
- dogs registered at District Police Office 
 - registration details; registry book to be kept and open to inspection 
 - registration fees to be paid over to Provincial Treasurer 
Licensed Auctioneers' Ordinance 1862 (No. 99) 
- constable may inspect records of auction entries for sale of cattle; summary proceedings for offences 
Police Regulation Ordinance 1862 (No. 100) 
- regulation of Police force 
- constables and sergeants to attend Resident Magistrates' and Justices of the Peace' Courts, when not engaged on actual duty, and obey directions 
- applies to water police too 
Common Lodging-Houses' Ordinance 1862 (No. 105) 
- police may have access, for disinfecting house; powers 
Licensed Theatres' Ordinance 1862 (No. 108) 
- police to have free access (on duty) 
Licensed Hawkers' Ordinance 1862 (No. 109) 
- requires Police District boundaries to be defined by proclamation of Provincial Superintendent 
Impounding Ordinance 1862 (No. 112) 
- notices of impounded animals etc to be posted at police stations 
- constables empowered to impound animals trespassing 
Pawnbrokers' Ordinance 1862 (No. 113) 
- constable can demand to see licence; enforce ordinance 
Bread Ordinance 1863 (No. 117) 
- Inspector of Weights and Measures has authority to check accuracy of scales and of bread weight (and to enter premises, etc to do so) 
Town and Country Police Ordinance Extension and Amendment Ordinance 1863 (No. 129) 
- enforcement 
Police Regulation Ordinance 1862 Amendment Ordinance 1864 (No. 141) 
- Superintendent may remove inspectors and sub-inspectors; hear appeals against dismissal from lower ranks 
Licensing Ordinance 1864 (No. 162) 
- licences not to be granted to police officers 
- police may have entrance by day or night; enforce ordinance 
Pig and Poultry Nuisance Ordinance 1864 (No. 165) 
- police to keep register of animals destroyed 
Licensed Hawkers Ordinance 1864 (No. 170) 
- notice of applications to be given to police by Clerk to Resident Magistrate's Court 
Town and Country Police Ordinance Extension Ordinance 1865 (No. 214) 
- offence added to named ordinances 
Goat Nuisance Ordinance 1868 (No. 273) 
- police to keep register of goats; enforcement 
Licensing Ordinances Amendment Ordinance 1870 (No. 302) 
- Police or JP may object to renewal of licence 
- police etc may inspect premises of holders of bottle licences, at any time; penalty if search prevented 

Summary proceedings/penalties under these Ordinances (Otago) 

Sheep Ordinance 1856 (No. 12) 
Town Cattle Trespass Ordinance 1856 (No. 16) 
Cattle Trespass Ordinance 1858 (No. 27) 
Trigonometrical Station Ordinance 1861 (No. 48) 
American Blight Prevention Ordinance 1861 (No. 50) 
Licensing Ordinance 1861 (No. 56) 
Vagrant Ordinance 1861 (No. 62) 
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Ordinance (No. 65) 
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Ordinance Amendment Ordinance 1862 (No. 78) 
Thistle Prevention Ordinance 1862 (No. 93) 
Licensed Auctioneers' Ordinance 1862 (No. 99) 
Licensed Carriages' Ordinance 1862 (No. 102) 
Common Lodging-Houses' Ordinance 1862 (No. 105) 
Licensed Hawkers' Ordinance 1862 (No. 109) 
Electric Telegraphs' Ordinance 1862 (No. 111) 
Pawnbrokers' Ordinance 1862 (No. 113) 
Bread Ordinance 1863 (No. 117) 
Town and Country Police Ordinance Extension and Amendment Ordinance 1863 (No. 129) 
Lake Steam Navigation Ordinance 1863 (No. 130) 
Kerosine and Parafine (sic) Oils Ordinance 1863 (No. 131) 
Licensing Ordinance 1864 (No. 162) 
Bush Fires Ordinance 1864 (No. 166) 
Cattle Ordinance 1864 (No. 169) 
Licensed Hawkers' Ordinance 1864 (No. 170) 
Medical Practitioners' Ordinance 1864 (No. 183) 
Otago Roads Ordinance 1865 (No. 190) 
Licensing Ordinance 1865 (No. 207) 
Turnpikes Ordinance 1866 (No. 232) 
Gold Fields Provincial Management Ordinance 1867 (No. 245) 
Fencing Ordinance 1867 (No. 246) 
Sheep Ordinance 1867 Amendment Ordinance 1868 (No. 266) 
Cattle Trespass Ordinance 1858 Amendment Ordinance 1868 (No. 272) 
Goat Nuisance Ordinance 1868 (No. 273) 
Licensed Auctioneers Ordinance 1862 Amendment Ordinance 1869 (No. 283) 
Cattle Ordinance 1864 Amendment Ordinance 1869 (No. 284) 
Sheep Ordinances Amendment Ordinance 1870 (No. 303) 
Licensed Theatres Ordinance 1870 (No. 310) 
Otago Roads Ordinance Amendment Ordinance 1872 (No. 364) 
Impounding Ordinance 1872 (No. 365) 

Acts Administered General Assembly 

Provincial Constabulary Act 1865 
- powers conferred on Governor (Legislative Council: Ordinance to provide for the establishment and management of a Constabulary Force) to be exercised by Provincial Superintendents 
- Superintendents/Provincial Councils may make laws for regulating Constabulary Force 
Militia Act 1865 
- exempt from militia service: Sheriffs and Constables 
Justices of the Peace Act 1866 
- constable conveying accused/prisoners elsewhere to be allowed his expenses (paid by Colonial Treasurer, then chargeable against relevant Province) 
- constable, gaoler or turnkey must obey order to inflict punishment of whipping 
- constables - execution of search warrants; may take bail (including provision for record book thereof) 
Municipal Corporate Act 1867 
- police constables to assist fire inspectors 
Protection of Animals Act 1867 
- constables (etc) may demand production of licence for hunting/selling game 
Constabulary Force Ordinance Amendment Act 1868 
- Governor may delegate powers 
Contagious Diseases Act 1868 
- Superintendent of Police to lay information, serve notice, apprehend offenders, etc 
Fire Inspectors Act 1870 
- police constables authorised to assist Fire Inspectors: may close street, may remove person interfering with operations 
Bakers and Millers Act 1871 
- constable may search baker's premises etc 
- repeals Bread Ordinance 1863 and Bread Ordinance 1863 Amendment Ordinance 1864 
Assaults on Constables Act 1873 
- penalty of £10 or two months' imprisonment for assaulting/obstructing peace officers 
Licensing Act 1873 Amendment Act 1874 
- Chief Officer of police (in each District) to furnish report to Licensing Court re licensed houses in District 

Other Authorities 

Rules, Orders, and Regulations...for the Government of Members of the Police Force of Otago ([April 1866], Supplement, OPGG, 1866, pp 89-108) 
- details of organisation, structure, procedures 
 - districts, stations (including goldfields) 
 - "The Province is divided into certain districts, and these again are sub-divided into stations. At one of the stations are the head-quarters of the officer in charge of the district, which is in most cases designated by the name of the station. The stations, with the exception of the head-quarters' station, are placed in charge of a non-commissioned officer, and where the station is of minor importance, in charge of a constable. In either case the party in charge is responsible to the officer in charge of the district for the locality over which he is placed. 
 From the auriferous nature of the Province, and the migratory character of a great portion of the population....it is not possible to decide what shall be, for any lengthened period, the number of stations in each particular district. The number and boundaries of districts must necessarily be varied from time to time, as circumstances require, it often happening that a district of no great importance becomes, in a very short time, from an increase of population, far more than one officer can control". (p. 90). 
 - detectives 
 - detailed duties, powers of different ranks 
 - instructions re correspondence, reports etc 
 - books to be kept 
Diseased cattle - Regulations for the destruction of diseased cattle, and for preventing the spread of pleuro-pneumonia (18 January 1864, OPGG, 1864, pp 25-26) 
- powers of Inspectors of Diseased Cattle, and of Constables 
Chinese - Proclamation: "the police are strictly enjoined to keep a protective watch over the Chinese population in their respective districts, and in case of their being made aware of any injury having been illegally inflicted on any of the Chinese Population, to lose no time in bringing the perpetrators thereof to justice". (29 January 1868, OPGG, 1868, p. 39).
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