🏒 Invercargill Gaol

ⓘ

cURL request stats

Status: 200
Connected to 202.175.131.219 via HTTPS in 0.0234 seconds
Downloaded 8.6797 kB
Done in 0.1104 seconds

Raw data from Axiell backend

Array
(
    [entityType] => ITEM
    [entity] => Array
        (
            [contextId] => aims
            [description] => Array
                (
                    [0] => No summary is currently available
                )

            [id] => AAHQ
            [idSort] => AAHQ
            [name] => Invercargill Gaol
            [custom] => Array
                (
                    [custom1] => Legislation

Acts of the General Assembly:
Execution of Criminals Act 1858
- Gaoler to attend executions
Census Act 1858
- keeper of gaol to be sub-enumerator of inmates thereof, carry out Colonial Secretary's instructions re census
Gaolers Act 1858
- Superintendents to appoint Gaolers
- Gaolers to have charge of gaols
- prisoners deemed to be in custody of Gaoler once delivered at Gaol
- powers given to Sheriffs under (Legislative Council) Prisons Ordinance (Session VII No. 7) to cease, and powers to be exercised by Gaoler instead of Sheriffs
Census Act Amendment Act 1860
- keeper of gaol deemed the occupier and bound to conform to Census Act provisions accordingly
Sheriffs Act Amendment Act 1863
- Gaoler to deliver to Sheriff, on demand, criminal condemned to death
Prisoners Removal Act 1865
- Governor (or Superintendent, if delegated) may direct the removal of prisoners from one gaol to another
Militia Act 1865
- gaol keepers etc exemp from militia service
Justice of the Peace Act 1866

- gaoler to release prisoner when bail paid
- constable, gaoler or turnkey must obey order to inflict punishment of whipping
- gaoler's books to be checked against receipts and warrants
Gaolers and Prisoners Act 1869
- prisoners transferred to hospital are still in the lawful custody of the Gaoler
- Gaoler may (with Supreme Court's approval) remove prisoner back to gaol
Prisoners Maintenance Expenses Act 1871
- expenses of maintenance in gaol of prisoner for offence committed in another province to be paid by Colonial Treasurer and then charged against that province
Prisons Act 1873
- existing prisons to be prisons under the Act
- Governor to proclaim prisons
- Superintendent to appoint officers: gaoler, surgeon, matron (female prisoners) etc
- Governor may make regulations, may delegate powers (re penal servitude) to Superintendent
- detailed provisions for administration of prisons
Abolition of Provinces Act 1875
- cost of gaols (etc) to come from Consolidated Fund after provinces abolished


Other Authorities

Otago Gaol Regulations will have been applied to the Invercargill Gaol after the reunion of the Provinces of Otago and Southland in 1870. (See agency documentation AAGC.)  Southland regulations have not been researched.
Proclamation of building as Public Gaol, Invercargill (10 May 1859, OPGG, 1859, III, No. 85)
Order-in-Council: Gaol Rations - Invercargill Gaol (6 December 1871, in OPGG, 1871, pp 499-500)
Rules re remission of sentences of prisoners confined in gaols and penal establishments in New Zealand (from Office of Minister of Justice, Wellington, in OPGG, 1873, p. 65)
- Gaoler to forward petitions from prisoners to Judges, accompanied by report by Gaoler on conduct of applicant



Controlling Agencies

From 1861, Invercargill Gaol was part of Southland Province.  When the two provinces were reunited in 1870, the Invercargill Gaol apparently continued to function independently of the Dunedin Gaol.



Responsible Minister

Otago Provincial Government:
Provincial Superintendent                                                          1859-1861
Provincial Treasurer                                                                  1870-1871
Provincial Secretary and Treasurer and Secretary for Lands  1871-1874
Provincial Secretary and Secretary for Lands and Works       1874-1875
Provincial Secretary and Secretary for Lands and Railways   1875-1876

Southland Provincial Government:
Not researched                                                                          1861-1870



Notes

Extent of agency documentation
This agency documentation is concerned primarily with the period of Otago Provincial Government (1853-1876, but excluding the Southland Provincial Government, 1861-1870).  Information on the period outside this has therefore not been sought.
                    [custom2] => Otago Provincial Government Gazette, 1853-1861, 1870-1876

Otago Provincial Council.  Ordinances, 1854-1861, 1870-1876

Otago Provincial Council, Votes and Proceedings, 1854-1875  (Appendices, Departmental Reports)

New Zealand Statutes,  1854-1876
                )

            [identifier] => Array
                (
                    [priref] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => 199
                        )

                )

            [agentControlRelation] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Array
                        (
                            [name] => Province of Southland
                            [type] => controlled_by
                            [hasBeginningDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [normalizedValue] => 1861-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => exact
                                            [1] => yearOnly
                                        )

                                )

                            [hasEndDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [normalizedValue] => 1870-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => exact
                                            [1] => yearOnly
                                        )

                                )

                            [itemType] => Organisation
                            [relationHasSource] => A0019
                        )

                    [1] => Array
                        (
                            [name] => Province of Otago
                            [type] => controlled_by
                            [hasBeginningDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [normalizedValue] => 1870-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => exact
                                            [1] => yearOnly
                                        )

                                )

                            [hasEndDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [normalizedValue] => 1876-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => exact
                                            [1] => yearOnly
                                        )

                                )

                            [itemType] => Organisation
                            [relationHasSource] => A0016
                        )

                    [2] => Array
                        (
                            [name] => Province of Otago
                            [type] => controlled_by
                            [hasBeginningDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [normalizedValue] => 1859-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => exact
                                            [1] => yearOnly
                                        )

                                )

                            [hasEndDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [normalizedValue] => 1861-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => exact
                                            [1] => yearOnly
                                        )

                                )

                            [itemType] => Organisation
                            [relationHasSource] => A0016
                        )

                    [3] => Array
                        (
                            [name] => Self-Governing Colony of New Zealand
                            [type] => controlled_by
                            [hasBeginningDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [normalizedValue] => 1876-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => exact
                                            [1] => yearOnly
                                        )

                                )

                            [hasEndDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => unknown
                                        )

                                )

                            [itemType] => Organisation
                            [relationHasSource] => A0005
                        )

                )

            [agentHierarchicalRelation] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Array
                        (
                            [name] => Gaol, Dunedin
                            [type] => controlling
                            [hasBeginningDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [normalizedValue] => 1859-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => exact
                                            [1] => yearOnly
                                        )

                                )

                            [hasEndDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [normalizedValue] => 1861-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => exact
                                            [1] => yearOnly
                                        )

                                )

                            [itemType] => Agency
                            [relationHasTarget] => AAGC
                        )

                )

            [agentMandateOther] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Abolition of Provinces Act 1875
                    [1] => Justices of the Peace Act 1866
                    [2] => Sheriffs Act Amendment Act 1863
                    [3] => Census Act 1858
                    [4] => Proclamation of building as Public Gaol, Invercargill (10 May 1859)  (Otago Provincial Government)
                    [5] => Gaolers Act 1858
                    [6] => Prisoner's Removal Act 1865
                    [7] => Execution of Criminals Act 1858
                    [8] => Rules re remission of sentences of prisoners confined in gaols and penal establishments in New Zealand (from office of Minister of Justice, Wellington (1873) (Otago Provincial Government)
                    [9] => Census Act Amendment Act 1860
                    [10] => Gaolers and Prisoners Act 1869
                    [11] => Order-in-Council: Gaol Rations - Invercargill Gaol (6 December 1871) (Otago Provincial Government)
                    [12] => Militia Act 1865
                    [13] => Prisoners Maintenance Expenses Act 1871
                    [14] => Prisons Act 1873
                )

            [agentType] => Other
            [digitalRecordInArchive] => 
            [hasBeginningDate] => Array
                (
                    [type] => YearStart
                    [normalizedValue] => 1859-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => exact
                            [1] => yearOnly
                        )

                )

            [hasEndDate] => Array
                (
                    [type] => YearEnd
                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => unknown
                        )

                )

            [history] => The first expenditure for an Invercargill Gaol, as recorded in the Otago provincial accounts, appears for the year ending 30 September 1859. The expenditure recorded appears to be for less than a whole year: therefore the inference has been made that the Gaol opened in 1859 rather than 1858. Its history from then until 1870 has not been researched, being largely within the Southland provincial period. The Gaoler's reports in the 1870s record the state of the Gaol for the period in which it was once again part of the Otago Province. 

The Gaol had up to 27 inmates at any time, although the total was usually less. The buildings were generally in good repair, but there was not enough room once inmate numbers passed 15 or so. The male prisoners were employed on making roads, excavating gravel, making ditches, fencing, gardening, cutting firewood, and land reclamation. Some worked as tradesmen, including carpenters and blacksmiths. Inside the Gaol, they worked at repairing boots, making mats, teasing oakum, cooking and cleaning, as well as painting and building. Female prisoners did washing and sewing of clothes and bedding. 

The conduct and health of prisoners was generally reported as being good. A doctor visited every second day to check on prisoners' health. The visiting Justices made occasional visits to check on conditions and hear complaints by or against prisoners. (The Gaoler wished their visits would be more frequent.) Local clergy of various denominations visited on Sundays, in rotation, and held services.
            [isAssociatedWithPlace] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Array
                        (
                            [location] => Invercargill, Southland
                        )

                )

            [itemType] => Agency
            [rdfType] => agent
            [recordIsMissing] => 
            [sequentialRelation] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Array
                        (
                            [name] => Gaol, Dunedin
                            [type] => predecessor
                            [hasBeginningDate] => Array
                                (
                                    [normalizedValue] => 1859-01-01T00:00:00.0Z
                                    [dateQualifier] => Array
                                        (
                                            [0] => exact
                                            [1] => yearOnly
                                        )

                                )

                            [itemType] => Agency
                            [relationHasTarget] => AAGC
                        )

                )

            [setSpec] => agency
        )

)
Agency

AAHQ

1859 ‑ 

Other

Invercargill, Southland

Show HistoryThe first expenditure for an Invercargill Gaol, as recorded in the Otago provincial accounts, appears for the year ending 30 September 1859. The expenditure recorded appears to be for less than a whole year: therefore the inference has been made that the Gaol opened in 1859 rather than 1858. Its history from then until 1870 has not been researched, being largely within the Southland provincial period. The Gaoler's reports in the 1870s record the state of the Gaol for the period in which it was once again part of the Otago Province.

The Gaol had up to 27 inmates at any time, although the total was usually less. The buildings were generally in good repair, but there was not enough room once inmate numbers passed 15 or so. The male prisoners were employed on making roads, excavating gravel, making ditches, fencing, gardening, cutting firewood, and land reclamation. Some worked as tradesmen, including carpenters and blacksmiths. Inside the Gaol, they worked at repairing boots, making mats, teasing oakum, cooking and cleaning, as well as painting and building. Female prisoners did washing and sewing of clothes and bedding.

The conduct and health of prisoners was generally reported as being good. A doctor visited every second day to check on prisoners' health. The visiting Justices made occasional visits to check on conditions and hear complaints by or against prisoners. (The Gaoler wished their visits would be more frequent.) Local clergy of various denominations visited on Sundays, in rotation, and held services.

Show Author Note

Legislation

Acts of the General Assembly:

Execution of Criminals Act 1858

- Gaoler to attend executions

Census Act 1858

- keeper of gaol to be sub-enumerator of inmates thereof, carry out Colonial Secretary's instructions re census

Gaolers Act 1858

- Superintendents to appoint Gaolers

- Gaolers to have charge of gaols

- prisoners deemed to be in custody of Gaoler once delivered at Gaol

- powers given to Sheriffs under (Legislative Council) Prisons Ordinance (Session VII No. 7) to cease, and powers to be exercised by Gaoler instead of Sheriffs

Census Act Amendment Act 1860

- keeper of gaol deemed the occupier and bound to conform to Census Act provisions accordingly

Sheriffs Act Amendment Act 1863

- Gaoler to deliver to Sheriff, on demand, criminal condemned to death

Prisoners Removal Act 1865

- Governor (or Superintendent, if delegated) may direct the removal of prisoners from one gaol to another

Militia Act 1865

- gaol keepers etc exemp from militia service

Justice of the Peace Act 1866

- gaoler to release prisoner when bail paid

- constable, gaoler or turnkey must obey order to inflict punishment of whipping

- gaoler's books to be checked against receipts and warrants

Gaolers and Prisoners Act 1869

- prisoners transferred to hospital are still in the lawful custody of the Gaoler

- Gaoler may (with Supreme Court's approval) remove prisoner back to gaol

Prisoners Maintenance Expenses Act 1871

- expenses of maintenance in gaol of prisoner for offence committed in another province to be paid by Colonial Treasurer and then charged against that province

Prisons Act 1873

- existing prisons to be prisons under the Act

- Governor to proclaim prisons

- Superintendent to appoint officers: gaoler, surgeon, matron (female prisoners) etc

- Governor may make regulations, may delegate powers (re penal servitude) to Superintendent

- detailed provisions for administration of prisons

Abolition of Provinces Act 1875

- cost of gaols (etc) to come from Consolidated Fund after provinces abolished

Other Authorities

Otago Gaol Regulations will have been applied to the Invercargill Gaol after the reunion of the Provinces of Otago and Southland in 1870. (See agency documentation AAGC.) Southland regulations have not been researched.

Proclamation of building as Public Gaol, Invercargill (10 May 1859, OPGG, 1859, III, No. 85)

Order-in-Council: Gaol Rations - Invercargill Gaol (6 December 1871, in OPGG, 1871, pp 499-500)

Rules re remission of sentences of prisoners confined in gaols and penal establishments in New Zealand (from Office of Minister of Justice, Wellington, in OPGG, 1873, p. 65)

- Gaoler to forward petitions from prisoners to Judges, accompanied by report by Gaoler on conduct of applicant

Controlling Agencies

From 1861, Invercargill Gaol was part of Southland Province. When the two provinces were reunited in 1870, the Invercargill Gaol apparently continued to function independently of the Dunedin Gaol.

Responsible Minister

Otago Provincial Government:

Provincial Superintendent 1859-1861

Provincial Treasurer 1870-1871

Provincial Secretary and Treasurer and Secretary for Lands 1871-1874

Provincial Secretary and Secretary for Lands and Works 1874-1875

Provincial Secretary and Secretary for Lands and Railways 1875-1876

Southland Provincial Government:

Not researched 1861-1870

Notes

Extent of agency documentation

This agency documentation is concerned primarily with the period of Otago Provincial Government (1853-1876, but excluding the Southland Provincial Government, 1861-1870). Information on the period outside this has therefore not been sought.


Otago Provincial Government Gazette, 1853-1861, 1870-1876

Otago Provincial Council. Ordinances, 1854-1861, 1870-1876

Otago Provincial Council, Votes and Proceedings, 1854-1875 (Appendices, Departmental Reports)

New Zealand Statutes, 1854-1876






🌀 Archives NZ / CC BY

Note: This Agency does not have any related Series, so we cannot search for related items